HTML and XHTML

        HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a special formatting language that programmers use to format document for display on the Web. You view a Web page written with HTML in a Web browser such as Internet Explorer, Safari, Firefox, Opera, or Google Chrome. Similarly, XHTML (extensible HTML) is a markup language that enables Web sites to be displayed more easily on microbrowsers in smart phones and other mobile devices, as well as on desktop and notebook computers.

         HTML and XHTML are not actually programming languages. They are however, languages that have specific rules for defining the placement and format of text, graphics, video, and audio on a Web page. HTML and XHTML use tags or element, which are words, abbreviations, and symbols that specify links to other document and indicate how a Web page is displayed when viewed on the Web.

         A Web page, thus, is a file that contains both text and HTML and/or XHTML tags. Examples of tags are <p> to indicate a new paragraph, <tr> to create a new row in a table, and <title> to define a document title. You can write HTML code using any text editor such as Notepad. Many programmers however, never write HTML and XHTML code because several programming languages and program development tools generate it automatically